Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a serious lung infection that occurs in patients on mechanical ventilation for over 48 hours. It is often caused by bacteria entering the lungs through the ventilator, leading Figure 1 from Ventilator associated pneumonia: a review. Semantic Scholar Ventilator associated pneumonia: mechanisms, an appraisal of current therapies and the role for inhaled antibiotics in prevention and treatment Respiratory Medicine Evidence based strategies to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia